See aratrum on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "aratru",
"3": "arat"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: aratru, arat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: aratru, arat"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruq",
"2": "ărat"
},
"expansion": "Megleno-Romanian: ărat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Megleno-Romanian: ărat"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "arat"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: arat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: arat"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "aratro",
"3": "arato",
"q2": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "Italian: aratro, (obsolete) arato",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: aratro, (obsolete) arato"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "aradre",
"3": "aladre",
"4": "arada",
"qq1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: aradre (obsolete), aladre, arada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: aradre (obsolete), aladre, arada"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "arâro"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: arâro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: arâro"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "arere"
},
"expansion": "Old French: arere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: arere"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "araire"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: araire\n→ Middle French: araire\nFrench: araire",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: araire\n→ Middle French: araire\nFrench: araire"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "aladro",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: aladro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: aladro"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "aladru",
"3": "aráu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: aladru, aráu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: aladru, aráu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "arado"
},
"expansion": "Galician: arado",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: arado"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "arado"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: arado",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: arado"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "aradro"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: aradro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: aradro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "arado"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: arado",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: arado"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "aradu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sardinian: aradu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sardinian: aradu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*arātrom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *arātrom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂érh₃trom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "arō",
"3": "trum",
"gloss1": "to plough"
},
"expansion": "arō (“to plough”) + -trum",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἄροτρον",
"3": "",
"4": "plow"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἄροτρον (árotron, “plow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "արօր",
"3": "արաւր",
"4": "plow"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian արաւր (arawr, “plow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "aradr"
},
"expansion": "Welsh aradr",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *arātrom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom (with long ā by analogy to the related verb arō, arāre; the expected outcome would otherwise be *arĕtrum).\nEquivalent to arō (“to plough”) + -trum. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄροτρον (árotron, “plow”), Old Armenian արաւր (arawr, “plow”), Welsh aradr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "arātrum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "arātrī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "arātrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arātra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arātrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arātrōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arātrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arātrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arātrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arātra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arātrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arātrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arātrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "arātra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arātrum<2>"
},
"expansion": "arātrum n (genitive arātrī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arātrum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -trum",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "la:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "la:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "arātrō"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.497",
"text": "tempus erat quō versa iugō referuntur arātra\nIt was the hour when [up]turned plows are being brought back by yoked [oxen]\n(“versa arātra”: i.e., plows somehow turned so that the plowshares are not in contact with the soil. See: Plough.)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plough or plow (a device pulled through the ground in order to break it open into furrows for planting)"
],
"id": "en-aratrum-la-noun-uuR8oloI",
"links": [
[
"plough",
"plough"
],
[
"plow",
"plow"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "arātiō"
},
{
"word": "arātiuncula"
},
{
"word": "arātor"
},
{
"word": "arātōrius"
},
{
"word": "arātus"
},
{
"word": "arō"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "arāter"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aˈraː.trum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[äˈräːt̪rʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/aˈra.trum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[äˈräːt̪rum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "aratrum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "arātrō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "aratru",
"3": "arat"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: aratru, arat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: aratru, arat"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruq",
"2": "ărat"
},
"expansion": "Megleno-Romanian: ărat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Megleno-Romanian: ărat"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "arat"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: arat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: arat"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "aratro",
"3": "arato",
"q2": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "Italian: aratro, (obsolete) arato",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: aratro, (obsolete) arato"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "aradre",
"3": "aladre",
"4": "arada",
"qq1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: aradre (obsolete), aladre, arada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: aradre (obsolete), aladre, arada"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "arâro"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: arâro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: arâro"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "arere"
},
"expansion": "Old French: arere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: arere"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "araire"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: araire\n→ Middle French: araire\nFrench: araire",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: araire\n→ Middle French: araire\nFrench: araire"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "aladro",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: aladro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: aladro"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "aladru",
"3": "aráu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: aladru, aráu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: aladru, aráu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "arado"
},
"expansion": "Galician: arado",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: arado"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "arado"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: arado",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: arado"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "aradro"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: aradro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: aradro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "arado"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: arado",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: arado"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "aradu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sardinian: aradu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sardinian: aradu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*arātrom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *arātrom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂érh₃trom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "arō",
"3": "trum",
"gloss1": "to plough"
},
"expansion": "arō (“to plough”) + -trum",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἄροτρον",
"3": "",
"4": "plow"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἄροτρον (árotron, “plow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "արօր",
"3": "արաւր",
"4": "plow"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian արաւր (arawr, “plow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "aradr"
},
"expansion": "Welsh aradr",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *arātrom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom (with long ā by analogy to the related verb arō, arāre; the expected outcome would otherwise be *arĕtrum).\nEquivalent to arō (“to plough”) + -trum. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄροτρον (árotron, “plow”), Old Armenian արաւր (arawr, “plow”), Welsh aradr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "arātrum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "arātrī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "arātrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arātra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arātrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arātrōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arātrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arātrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arātrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arātra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arātrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arātrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arātrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "arātra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arātrum<2>"
},
"expansion": "arātrum n (genitive arātrī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arātrum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "arātiō"
},
{
"word": "arātiuncula"
},
{
"word": "arātor"
},
{
"word": "arātōrius"
},
{
"word": "arātus"
},
{
"word": "arō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms suffixed with -trum",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Agriculture",
"la:Tools"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.497",
"text": "tempus erat quō versa iugō referuntur arātra\nIt was the hour when [up]turned plows are being brought back by yoked [oxen]\n(“versa arātra”: i.e., plows somehow turned so that the plowshares are not in contact with the soil. See: Plough.)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plough or plow (a device pulled through the ground in order to break it open into furrows for planting)"
],
"links": [
[
"plough",
"plough"
],
[
"plow",
"plow"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aˈraː.trum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[äˈräːt̪rʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/aˈra.trum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[äˈräːt̪rum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "arāter"
}
],
"word": "aratrum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for aratrum meaning in All languages combined (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.